The comparison of implant stability between two implant surfaces using the resonance frequency analysis measurement : randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Objective to observe the longitudinally changes in the stability of implants with 2 different surface chemistries by using Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) over the first 8 weeks and to determine the functional loading protocol for implants with the SLA and SLActive, placed by experienced surgeons. Materials and methods Thirty patients were randomized into 2 groups. The first group (n = 25) received Straumann SLA implants while the second group (n = 26) received Straumann SLActive implants. Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scan was used to determine the bone quantity and quality. Healed ridge with < 6 months postextraction or ridge that failed to accommodate the primary stability of 20 Ncm were excluded. Each RFA measurement was performed at the buccal, lingual, and mesial side on day 0, 2, week 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8. The mean value of measurements was represented the Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) of the particular point in time. The relationships between ISQ values and the implant surface or the bone quality were statistically analyzed. Result Regarding the implant surface, both implant surfaces showed dramatically decrease of ISQ values at day 2 and stayed at the same level until week 3. The SLActive surface showed a significant increase in ISQ values (P<.05) at 4th week as compared to 3rd week while the SLA implant surface exhibited a significant increase in ISQ value at 8th week as compared to 4th week. There was no significantly different in ISQ values between the 2 surfaces at any observation period. However, in the Type IV bone, SLActive implants showed a statistically higher in ISQ values at 4th and 8th week, as compared to SLAs. Conclusion The implant surface played an important role in implant stability particularly in bone type IV. Therefore, it is advantageous to utilize the SLActive surface for the early loading protocol, especially in the poor type of bone.